Voting Rights Act Signed By President Lyndon B. Johnson, Aug. 6, 1965, Landmark Civil Rights Law

- President Lyndon Baines Johnson Voting Rights Act speech. The VRA is a landmark piece of federal legislation. (5 mins).
--------
National Archives, Milestone Documents, VRA

✒ This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. This “act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution” was signed into law 95 years after the amendment was ratified.

In those years, African Americans in the South faced tremendous obstacles to voting, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and other bureaucratic restrictions to deny them the right to vote.

They also risked harassment, intimidation, economic reprisals, and physical violence when they tried to register or vote. As a result, African-American voter registration was limited, along with political power. In 1964, numerous peaceful demonstrations were organized by Civil Rights leaders, and the considerable violence they were met with brought renewed attention to the issue of voting rights.

The murder of voting-rights activists in Mississippi and the attack by white state troopers on peaceful marchers in Selma, Alabama, gained national attention and persuaded President Johnson and Congress to initiate meaningful and effective national voting rights legislation. The combination of public revulsion to the violence and Johnson's political skills stimulated Congress to pass the voting rights bill on August 5, 1965.

The legislation, which President Johnson signed into law the next day, outlawed literacy tests and provided for the appointment of federal examiners (with the power to register qualified citizens to vote) in those jurisdictions that were "covered" according to a formula provided in the statute. In addition, Section 5 of the act required covered jurisdictions to obtain "preclearance" from either the District Court for the District of Columbia or the U.S. Attorney General for any new voting practices and procedures...
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/voting-rights-act
----------
- 'As the Voting Rights Act Nears 60, Conservative Judges Are Gutting It From Every Angle,' Mother Jones Mag., Aug, 6, 2024,
Emboldened by the Supreme Court, Trump judges are trying to nullify the landmark civil rights law.
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/08/as-the-voting-rights-act-turns-59-supreme-court-trump/
------
- 'The Voting Rights Act is being attacked from 'every possible angle,' journalist says, NPR, Nov. 30, 2023,
https://www.npr.org/2023/11/30/1216054095/the-voting-rights-act-is-being-attacked-from-every-possible-angle-journalist-say