Latin America
Related: About this forumRonald Reagan Made Central America a Killing Field (History refresher for the forgetful while it's still possible.)
In the 1980s, the Reagan administration used Central America as a testing ground to rehabilitate US imperial "hard power" after defeat in Vietnam. The results were predictable: death squads, massacres, and murderous repression of left-wing movements.ti
Latin America has played a crucial role in the history of US empire and not simply because of its proximity to the US. As historian Greg Grandin argues in the recently reissued Empires Workshop: Latin America, the United States and the Making of an Imperial Republic (reviewed by Hilary Goodfriend for Jacobin here), countries south of the border have been used as a crucible in the formation of US policy, a testing ground for its imperial theories, and a touchstone for domestic movements.
One critical moment was the rise of Reaganism, when neoconservatives like Jeane Kirkpatrick and Elliott Abrams steered the USs foreign policy and rank-and-file members of the New Right took a keen interest in fighting left-wing movements in Central America. Right-wing leaders later used the lessons they gleaned from brutal counterinsurgency programmes in El Salvador in the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan.
. . .
How important has Latin America been for the United States as an imperial power?
Its been critically important. Its easy to talk about Latin America as a site in which the US imposes its imperial will, carries out coups and regime changes, and pays no attention to the consequences and disastrous results. But theres another story to tell. Latin America was a challenge to the founders of the United States. They immediately had to deal with the fact that the Western Hemisphere had multiple republics, and that they shared with the founders of the United States a sense of American exceptionalism.
. . .
Empires Workshop looks at the New Deal and the New Right as the quintessential twentieth century political coalitions. Reagan is elected in 1980 running on a programme of restoring US power and moral authority in the world. A lot of neoconservative analysts like Jeane Kirkpatrick saw the crisis not just as a crisis of power but a crisis of confidence. Vietnam scrambled the establishments ability to act in the world with an assuredness that it was doing good. Reagans task, and Reaganisms task, wasnt just to reassert power, but to re-moralise power, re-moralise militarism, and re-moralise markets.
When Reagan comes to power in 1981, theres not a lot of places in the world where the US can actually act. The Soviet Union is still in existence, they still have nuclear weapons. The Middle East is split between allegiances to the Soviet Union and to United States. Africas allegiances are split. Most of South America is under anti-communist dictatorships, following coups that the US had supported: Chile in 1973, Uruguay in 1973, Bolivia in 1971, Paraguay and Argentina in 1976. So South America was secure it was like a garrison continent.
. . .
John Negroponte was the ambassador in Honduras, where he basically ran death squads. Then he becomes very prominent in the war in Iraq.
My argument is that Latin America allows retrenchment, and then once that retrenchment takes place, the US goes global. Then once going global hits a wall or collapses, the US turns back to Latin America.
More:
https://thewire.in/world/ronald-reagan-made-central-america-a-killing-field
Easterncedar
(3,390 posts)Dammit.
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)How does the "Shining City on a Hill" fit into all that?
Easterncedar
(3,390 posts)Like Kissinger, they just sail on past the graveyards, accruing honors. It makes me furious.
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)Skittles
(158,410 posts)it made me SICK, the greed and ignorance of the Reagan era
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)Nixon had complete support for his gross human rights abuse, and racism, etc. US American adults seemed A-OK with that in the majority.
Reagan seemed to take it further by being so nastily smug and cocky as if it's patriotic to be belligerent. He was a dirty P.O.S. in all ways, and smirked while doing it.
calimary
(84,117 posts)He was the worst and most damaging thing to come along since napalm. He WAS political napalm.
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)and his idiot spawn
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)The shock of seeing Dubya in action is still as fresh and raw now as it was then. Unbelievable.
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)For me, its a visceral response
I never knew I could despise someone so very much
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)So much the US public is entitled to know gets pitched into sealed records by classifying them, out of reach of everyone!
I just checked for a link to information on Charles Horman, a US writer who was sending his work around that time to The Nation and also photojournalist Frank Terrugi, who is less known, probably because he didn't have a powerful conservative father who went to Chile and searched for him intensely, while never receiving the truth of his disappearance from the US government, or the Chilean government. You may have seen the film which was banned in Chile called "Missing" which covers that vicious pair of murders.
I just saw this link I missed earlier:
New Information on the Murders
of U.S. Citizens Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi by the
Chilean Military
National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 33
Washington, D.C., June 30, 2000 On Friday, June 30, 2000, the U.S. government released hundreds of formerly secret CIA, Defense, State, Justice Deparment, and National Security Council records relating to the deaths of Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi, both of whom were killed by the Chilean military in the days following the 1973 coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. The murders of Horman and Teruggi were later dramatized in the 1982 film Missing. Documents on another American, Boris Weisfiler, who disappeared in Chile in 1985, were also released.
Below, the National Security Archive has selected ten documents for inclusion in this Electronic Briefing Book.
THE DOCUMENTS
Document 1: Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Frank Teruggi," December 14, 1972
Among the hundreds of newly-released records is an FBI report from late-1972 on Teruggi's attendance of a conference of the Committee of Returned [Peace Corp] Volunteers in 1971, and his membership in the "Chicago Area Group on the Liberation of the Americas." This document makes it clear that Teruggi was, at a minimum, under surveillance while in the United States and raises the question as to whether or not this information was shared with the Chilean military.
Document 2: U.S. Embassy Santiago, "[Deleted] Reports on GOC [Government of Chile] Involvement in Death of Charles Horman, Asks Embassy for Asylum and Aid," April 28, 1987
Nearly fourteen years after the coup, an informant seeking political asylum at the U.S. Embassy in Chile offers an account of Horman's death. Horman was picked up in a routine sweep, the informant suggests, and was found in possession of "extremist" materials. He was then taken the National Stadium where he was interrogated and later executed on the orders of Pedro Espinoza. Embassy officials note that his story "corresponds with what we know about the case and the [Chilean government] attempt to cover up their involvement," suggesting that the informant is probably telling the truth.
Document 3: U.S. Department of State to Embassy Santiago, "[Deleted] Reports on Death of Charles Horman," May 14, 1987
In response to the embassy's previous cable (Document 2), Michael Armacost, the under secretary of state for political affairs, questions the credibility of the informant who provided the account of Horman's death. Even if the new information proves to be accurate, Armacost sees no new prosecutorial advantage in the new information. Nevertheless, the State Deparment maintains a "fundamental interest" in investigating the deaths of American citizens abroad and "would consider it a very serious matter if senior [Chilean government] officials had been aware of the circumstances of Horman's death and attempted to conceal this information from the [U.S. government] and Horman's family." Armacost directs that the informant be interviewed by State Department officials stationed in Uruguay to determine his credibility.
CIA Records
The following seven documents represent the totality of the CIAs contribution to the declassification of records specifically related to the murder of Charles Horman. All the documents are from the CIA liaison office in Washington, D.C., and the release includes no documents from the CIA station in Chile. All of the documents that have been released have been heavily redacted.
More:
Washington, D.C., June 30, 2000 On Friday, June 30, 2000, the U.S. government released hundreds of formerly secret CIA, Defense, State, Justice Deparment, and National Security Council records relating to the deaths of Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi, both of whom were killed by the Chilean military in the days following the 1973 coup led by General Augusto Pinochet. The murders of Horman and Teruggi were later dramatized in the 1982 film Missing. Documents on another American, Boris Weisfiler, who disappeared in Chile in 1985, were also released.
Below, the National Security Archive has selected ten documents for inclusion in this Electronic Briefing Book.
THE DOCUMENTS
Document 1: Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Frank Teruggi," December 14, 1972
Among the hundreds of newly-released records is an FBI report from late-1972 on Teruggi's attendance of a conference of the Committee of Returned [Peace Corp] Volunteers in 1971, and his membership in the "Chicago Area Group on the Liberation of the Americas." This document makes it clear that Teruggi was, at a minimum, under surveillance while in the United States and raises the question as to whether or not this information was shared with the Chilean military.
Document 2: U.S. Embassy Santiago, "[Deleted] Reports on GOC [Government of Chile] Involvement in Death of Charles Horman, Asks Embassy for Asylum and Aid," April 28, 1987
Nearly fourteen years after the coup, an informant seeking political asylum at the U.S. Embassy in Chile offers an account of Horman's death. Horman was picked up in a routine sweep, the informant suggests, and was found in possession of "extremist" materials. He was then taken the National Stadium where he was interrogated and later executed on the orders of Pedro Espinoza. Embassy officials note that his story "corresponds with what we know about the case and the [Chilean government] attempt to cover up their involvement," suggesting that the informant is probably telling the truth.
Document 3: U.S. Department of State to Embassy Santiago, "[Deleted] Reports on Death of Charles Horman," May 14, 1987
In response to the embassy's previous cable (Document 2), Michael Armacost, the under secretary of state for political affairs, questions the credibility of the informant who provided the account of Horman's death. Even if the new information proves to be accurate, Armacost sees no new prosecutorial advantage in the new information. Nevertheless, the State Deparment maintains a "fundamental interest" in investigating the deaths of American citizens abroad and "would consider it a very serious matter if senior [Chilean government] officials had been aware of the circumstances of Horman's death and attempted to conceal this information from the [U.S. government] and Horman's family." Armacost directs that the informant be interviewed by State Department officials stationed in Uruguay to determine his credibility.
CIA Records
The following seven documents represent the totality of the CIAs contribution to the declassification of records specifically related to the murder of Charles Horman. All the documents are from the CIA liaison office in Washington, D.C., and the release includes no documents from the CIA station in Chile. All of the documents that have been released have been heavily redacted.
More:
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB33/index.html
It just dawned on me that this document release happened during the last year of Bill Clinton's Presidency. I don't think I ever recognized that fact.
It's also good to remember that Bill Clinton made a public acknowledgement and official apology for the fact US research scientists were allowed to experiment on Guatemalan people, giving them syphilis then using various drugs upon them after they were very ill. (It really makes you wonder how the hell that could ever have happened. What makes us different from the 3rd Reich which also did medical experiments on people?) Who can know how much Clinton and Obama could have accomplished during their 8 year presidencies if the right-wing hadn't pounded them psycholtically ever day of their terms!
calimary
(84,117 posts)Fuck the right wing. Its anything but.
And maybe we should start referring to them as the wrong wing.
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)This story at least has a sliver of brightness
Remembering Lori Bereson
https://abcnews.go.com/WN/Media/lori-berenson-prisoner-15-years-released-peru-child/story?id=10762060
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)as if time has stood still, dispatching potentially progressive, democratic Presidents before they have enough time to catch their breath in every case. It's going to take a total upheaval to get that racist, murderous bunch to even slightly loosen its grip. It will take something major as their power has been total from the time of the vicious, greedy, soulless invaders who destroyed the indigenous civilization already in place.
I did find a several photos of Lori, going home, which can remind people:
- click for image -
http://tinyurl.com/j32u4w7y
The US corporate media has referred to her as a "terrorist" from the very first, of course. What a shame the US corporate media didn't feel the need to tell their unsuspecting the truth at any point, as always.
I would hope that future citizens will take the plunge and start learning about the history of the Peruvian people and starting to grasp what has been happening in countries with powerful US business/political interests running their governments. Their people have always known. The corrupt have always benefited at the total expense of the voiceless, and powerless, which is actually so much in evidence for those who expect to grow up before extreme old age and learn what everyone else already knows!
Surely glad you mentioned Lori Berenson, Up-In-Arms. Thank you.
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)of the struggles of so many people fighting for truth and justice across the world
as their stories are buried and time passes on.
A really good resource for knowledge is
https://thirdworldtraveler.com/
So much there for the unsuspecting and uninformed
I can not say thank you enough for sharing this planet with me, Judy Lynn. You have been a true constant source of truth and light
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)They've been a constant resource for so long. I discovered them around 2000, and learned to respect them immediately. I'll be pouring all over this link all over again, and kicking myself for getting so tied up in the latest government treachery I forgot all about them.
Anyone can be so well advised to check their articles, their resources, and examine their "Progressive Web Sites" .
I'm not going to lose sight of Third World Traveler again.
Just imagine how different the world would be now if citizens had actually known what the #### was happening at any point!
Reading this resource should assist anyone in knowing how to start seeing behind the deliberate intentional lie.
Thank you, so much, Up In Arms. I've put this link where I won't be losing it again, am going to dive right into it for awareness' sake and future reference.
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)I had an extensive email conversation with William Blum
I wish I had kept better notes. He was a treasure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Blum
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)So courageous.
His Wikipedia is wonderful. He never backed down.
It was fascinating to read he worked with former CIA guy, Philip Agee, who was despised by George H. W. Bush for walking away from the CIA. He was another person, of course, who had enormous courage, just like William Blum. Clearly they lived for years knowing there were maniacs who really wanted to see them killed.
What a shame William Blum couldn't have lived to be 200 years old. This country always needed him.
Thanks for posting the Wiki link. I admire you for being capable of carrying on communications with the man. I would have become paralyzed and frozen up and never have been able to put a sentence together. Very intense, special level of communication, for sure!
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
UpInArms
(51,748 posts)and he knew so much. I was writing articles and I reached out to him and he was so responsive. I didnt know his history
only has read some of his work. I also had pretty extensive correspondence with Robert Parry. They were both so encouraging and fearless.
They taught me a lot. They both said to never fear telling the truth and naming names. Told me to keep digging.
Thanks for understanding how special Blum was. He will always be one of my heroes.
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)To learn you also communicated with Robert Parry as well, is beyond surprising, also!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Parry_(journalist)
Why fool around when you could go right to the top seems to guide you!
Giants. They earned the ultimate respect from people of conscience, people of honor. Their work went world-wide and won't be forgotten. It's historic.
Blum! It would be like reaching Mt. Everest, one would think! He's not just any notable writer, not by any means.
How could you ever go wrong now?
Thank you for sharing this here. Won't forget it.
Judi Lynn
(162,335 posts)Republicans are nothing if not consistent.