If it's what I'm remembering, the idea is that doctors get paid based on treatment outcomes, not office visits.

It's a managed care format.

I happen to have found the outcomes manual on line, for Obamacare.
The concept is not new, but the jargon makes for incredibly difficult reading.
In truth, the initial outcomes are quite easy, as they are designed to introduce doctors to the idea of such measurements.
One outcome is along the lines of " patient keeps follow ups visits".

Translating health services to measurable outcomes is something that major insurance companies esp. BCBS, have done for years now,
and since they wrote a lot of the Affordable Health Care Act, the language is familiar to those who have been exposed to BCBS managed care programs.