Under Brunei's laws, sodomy — whether between two men or an unmarried heterosexual couple — can be punished by being stoned to death or whipped with 100 strokes.

Adultery attracts the same forms of punishment, but as with sodomy it applies only if the accused admits their involvement or at least four eyewitnesses testify.

If a person is convicted by other evidence, they still face being flogged up to 30 times and imprisoned for up to seven years.

Penalties for women who have sex with other women are less severe, but they can still be whipped up to 40 times and jailed for 10 years.

Non-Muslims are not exempt — they face exactly the same punishments for adultery or sodomy if their partner is Muslim. It is not clear if two non-Muslims would be punished.

Also in Brunei's Sharia penal code is the punishment of armed robbery with the amputation of the offender's right hand or left foot, and the whipping of Muslims caught drinking alcohol.

Women also face jail terms for giving birth outside of wedlock or having an abortion.