The secret lives of Neanderthal children

In any normal summer, Spain's famous Playa de la Castilla – a perfect 20km (12 mile) long stretch of sand backed by the Doñana nature reserve and close to the resort of Matalascañas, Huelva – would have been covered by the footprints of visiting tourists. But in June 2020 with international flights banned due to Covid-19, the beach was uncharacteristically quiet. Two biologists – María Dolores Cobo and Ana Mateos – who were strolling along the peaceful beach, nonetheless found many footprints. These, however, were made by a very different kind of visitor.

As savage storms and then powerful spring tides earlier in the year had lashed Spain's south-west coast, huge waves scoured away the sand at the base of 20m (65ft) dunes, revealing an enormous area of rock covering some 6,000 sq m (1.5 acres). Its surface was pocked with indentations which the pair of biologists recognised as footprints: a jumble of hooves, claws and paws preserved in the rock. But when the two women looked closer, among the criss-crossing animal tracks were other prints that looked startlingly human. What's more, their position at the bottom of the cliff layers meant they had to have been left in the distant past.

Later dating showed the footprint surface formed around 80-120,000 years ago, meaning they can only have been left by Neanderthals, walking barefoot along the margins of a salty marsh or lagoon. What they were doing, and where they were going, we can only guess at, but among the 87 prints found were some much smaller than the others. This was a group, and some of them were children.

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210706-the-secret-lives-of-neanderthal-children
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Absolutely fascinating, albeit longish, read. Fans of Jean Auel's Clan of the Cave Bear will love it, but so may everyone else.