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"Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court."

There was a day when an individual could be convicted of Treason against a state - John Brown was executed for after being convicted of Treason against Virginia. Today, courts wouldn't allow such a charge as states have residents not citizens. Another element of Treason is the individual has a requirement for loyalty created by citizenship, permanent residency or taking an oath, e.g. when a non-citizen enlists in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Treason charges are extremely rare. For providing aid & comfort to enemies, you would need to actually have to have defined enemies based on a legal state of war. It's not been tested in the courts whether an AUMF sufficiently defines enemies for the purpose of sustaining a Treason charge.