Exposure of mice to aspartame, an artificial sweetener found in nearly 5,000 diet foods and drinks, at doses equivalent to below 15% of the FDA recommended maximum daily intake for humans, produces anxiety-like behavior. The anxiety is alleviated by diazepam, a drug used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The aspartame exposure produces changes in the expression of genes regulating excitation-inhibition balance in the amygdala, a brain region that regulates anxiety and fear. The anxiety, its response to diazepam and the changes in amygdala gene expression are not limited to the aspartame-exposed individuals but also appear in up to two generations descending from the aspartame-exposed males.

Ref: Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling and gene expression in the amygdala.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022; 119 (49) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213120119

There's no question that low-calorie sweeteners provide a sugary flavor without the calories of sugar. But the latest evidence suggests that might not lead to a positive effect on health or weight...

...research review published in BMJ found that the evidence that sweeteners aid oral health, blood sugar levels, or other health problems is extremely limited. While the Food and Drug Administration considers low-calorie sweeteners safe for consumption, some scientists say we don't have the data to exclude potential harms. Another recent study published in the journal Stroke found that women 50 and older who drank 24 or more ounces (two cans) of diet soda a day were 23 percent more likely to have a stroke than those who drank less than 12 ounces a week. Previous research has linked low-calorie sweeteners to possible heart problems, type 2 diabetes, and potentially harmful changes in the gut microbiome.

https://www.consumerreports.org/sugar-sweeteners/the-truth-about-sugar-vs-artificial-sweeteners/