Religion

1. Students are exempt from the draft. You can study chemistry or philosophy or Torah.

2. The diaspora was done by the Romans but ultimately, like the captivity 750 years or so earlier, because of Israel's disobedience and infidelity. Obedience to G-d and knowing the laws and making sure that there's a sufficient number of the faithful to avoid another diaspora is largely up to the Haredim. (For the same sort of reasoning the Neturei Karta see no reason for Israel ... G-d dispered, G-d will collect. I'm channeling Orthodoxy with "G-d".)

Notice we have conscientious objectors. My former church's "parent church" (pre-schism) had members that went to jail because they wouldn't fight in WWII or Korea--even as medics.