Anthropology

Findings offer first large-scale evidence of social structure during Silla Kingdom

Vishwam Sankaran
Friday 10 April 2026 12:24 BST

Entire families were sacrificed in Korea about 1,500 years ago in rituals to honour royalty, according to a new analysis of dozens of skeletons unearthed in Gyeongsan in the southeastern region of the Korean Peninsula.

The findings raise further questions about slavery, social mobility, and institutionalised violence in ancient Korean kingdoms.

They also offer the first large-scale scientific evidence of the social structure and customs of the era, proving close-kin marriages were common during the Silla Kingdom (57 BC to 935 AD).

. . .

In the latest study, scientists analysed genome-wide data from 78 human remains unearthed from 44 tombs at the Imdang-Joyeong burial complex in Gyeongsan.

At least 20 of the tombs displayed evidence of "sunjang”, a practice in which individuals were sacrificed and buried alongside the dead.

More:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/korea-human-sacrifice-ancient-caste-b2955142.html

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Wikipedia

Silla

Silla ([ɕiɭ.ɭa]; Old Korean: 徐羅伐, Yale: Syerapel,[8] RR: Seorabeol; IPA: [sʌɾabʌɭ]) was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE[9] and 935 CE and was located on the southern and central parts of the Korean peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population of the three, approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), significantly smaller than those of Baekje (3,800,000 people) and Goguryeo (3,500,000 people).[10]

Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of Hyeokgeose of Silla (Old Korean: *pulkunae lit. 'light of the world'), of the Park clan. The country was first ruled intermittently by the Miryang Park clan for 232 years and the Wolseong Seok clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of Michu Isageum the Gyeongju Kim clan for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of Geoseogan (居西干, 1st century BCE), Chachaung (次次雄, 1st century CE), Isageum (泥師今, Old Korean: *nisokum)[11] and Maripkan (麻立干, 5th–6th century)[12] instead.

It began as a chiefdom in the Jinhan confederacy, part of the Samhan, and after consolidating its power in the immediate area, conquered the Gaya confederacy. Eventually allying with Sui China and then Tang China, it conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla occupied most of the Korean peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms of Silla, Later Baekje, and Taebong, handing over power to Goryeo in 935.[13]



More:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla